Can Solar Power from the Middle East and Africa Supply Energy for Europe?
Imagine if the heat from the Sahara Desert - one of the hottest and emptiest places on earth - could somehow be used to provide solar energy for much of Europe. This is the dream of a team of scientists from several European countries who foresee just such an incredible concept becoming reality.
A new organization called the Mediterranean Union was established in July 2008 by the President of France and brings together all the countries in the European Union, as well as countries in the Middle East and Africa that border the Mediterranean. The organization’s aim is to deal with various important issues such as immigration, trade and security - as well as energy.
The idea of solar power from Africa has been considered before the creation of the Union. In 2007, a project with the nickname of Desertec was presented to the European Union. The plan called for huge solar power stations to be built along the coast of several countries in North Africa and the Middle East. The electricity produced would then be transmitted through undersea cables to provide energy for much of Europe.
It is projected that this plan would potentially provide up to around 16% of Europe’s electricity needs - as well as considerably reducing carbon emissions. The huge solar power stations would also serve as desalination plants to provide African countries with much needed fresh water. The projected cost was around 200 billion pounds, with the money coming from financial institutions and governments.
The plan put forward by the Mediterranean Union foresees a similar system of huge solar farms across North Africa, connected to a supergrid and supplying electrical energy to Europe. One reason why the concept is so attractive is that the sunlight in this part of the world is so intense - it’s predicted that Sahara solar panels could produce up to three times the output of similar panels located in Europe.
Politicians and environmental organizations such as Greenpeace have welcomed the idea, especially as high oil prices have persuaded people to look more closely at other forms of energy. The cost of solar energy is actually decreasing, as the necessary technology increases, although this ambitious plan would still cost an expected 400 billion pounds.
Don’t anticipate Europe to be heated from desert solar power any time soon - it will take many years to have the infrastructure in place, although some Mediterranean countries such as Spain and Portugal, have already made a considerable investment in solar power. Scientists foresee that perhaps by 2050, the Sahara desert may be generating 100 GW (gigawatts of solar thermal power). However if this does one day become reality, it could benefit millions of people in Europe and Africa.

